Important causes of male infertility are irregular sperm (for instance, an abnormal morphology), low sperm count, a short sperm life span, and low sperm motility (the ability of sperm to move independently, using its metabolic energy).
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These abnormalities may have several reasons, such as an inflammation of the testicles, swollen veins in the scrotum, abnormally developed testicles, genetic conditions, the use of alcohol, tobacco or other drugs, mumps infection after puberty, hernia repairs, hormone disorders, poisonous chemicals or radiation, blockages caused by a previous infection, tight underwear, and injuries to the groin area, to name some common problems.
Treatments vary considerably and can consist of medications to help increase sperm production, antibiotics to heal an infection, hormones to improve hormone imbalance, avoiding long hot showers, hot tubs or saunas, wearing looser underwear such as boxer shorts, fertility supplements and vitamins.
Of course, artificial insemination (for instance, IVF, IUI, or IVM) is an option if a man’s sperm count or motility is low, as well as alternative treatments, such as genital or abdominal massage, and last but not least lifestyle changes.
